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19    From its origin with Galileo, Copernicus and Newton, through Darwin and Einstein, to the age of computers and high technology, modern science has cast a cold and sometimes threatening light on many deep-rooted religious beliefs. Accordingly, there has grown the feeling that science and religion are inherently incompatible and antagonistic. It is a belief encouraged by history. The early attempts by the Church to hold back the flood-gates of scientific advance have left a deep suspicion of religion among the scientific community. For their part, scientists have destroyed a lot of cherished religious beliefs and have come to be regarded by many as faith-wreckers.    There is no doubt,

13    Computers are among the fastest and most useful instruments for sorting and comparing now in use. Computers provide the means for greater speed and accuracy in working with ideas than had previously been possible. With the development of these new tools, it is as if man has suddenly become a millionaire of the mind.    Although man has been growing mentally richer ever since he started to think, the computer allows and will continue to allow him to perform vast “mental” tasks in a relatively short time. Great scientists of the past produced ideas which were the basis for great advances, but their ideas sometimes had to wait for years before they were understood sufficiently well to b

22   The human body was meant to have a midafternoon nap, according to a new consensus among sleep researchers who are studying the biological rhythms of sleep and alertness.    The judicious use of naps, sleep researchers now say, could be the key to maintaining alertness in people like truck drivers and hospital interns, whose urgent need for alertness must often battle with building drowsiness. Studies are also finding that an afternoon nap can significantly increase mental alertness and improve mood, particularly in the large number of people who sleep too little at night.    This interest in naps has grown almost accidentally, as researchers sought to track the cycles of sleepiness

10    Though the old order of society and many of the institutions coming down from former days seemed, in the eighteenth century, to be permanent, a new attitude of mind was spreading among thoughtful people which was to influence every aspect of life――political, economic, social, religious, and artistic.    Before the eighteenth century, men in general showed a great respect for the past. They believed that former ages were better than the present, for the evils of the past were little known, whereas present evils were to be seen on every side. Thus perfection was to be found in the achievements of past times, and men aspired to write as good books, paint as beautiful pictures, or lead as

【関連用語】 principle＝原理。 the laws of nature＝自然法則。 modern science＝近代科学。 scientific revolutions＝科学革命。 natural science＝自然科学。 astronomy＝天文学。 astronomer＝天文学者。 physics＝物理学。 chemistry＝化学。 biology＝生物学。 earth science＝地学。 geometry＝幾何学。 geography＝地理学。 technology＝科学技術。 space development＝宇宙開発。 astronaut＝宇宙飛行士。 artificial satellite＝人工衛星。 broadcasting satellite＝放送衛星。 weather satellite＝気象衛星。 nuclear weapon＝核兵器。 radioactive contamination＝放射能汚染。 the theory of evolution＝進化論。 DNA＝deoxyribonucleic acid。デオキシリボ核酸。 heredity＝遺伝。 gene＝遺伝子。 natural selection＝自然選択（淘汰）。 The Origin of Species＝『種の起源』（ダーウィン）。 hacking＝ハッキング。 hacker＝ハッカー。 computer virus＝コンピュータ・ウィルス。 the Internet＝インターネット。 1  I cannot but think that the foundatio

7  One of the chief things in science is careful observation, for things that look rather alike may actually be very different when we come to look closely. There is a story of a professor of medicine who was giving his first lesson to young men who were going to be doctors. He said to them that if they wanted to become good doctors there were two things most important for them: one was to observe well and carefully, and the other was not to be disgusted at un-pleasant things. In front of him was a bowl of dirty dishwater, with an offensive smell, and he went on to say that, to test them, he was going to put a finger first in the water and then in his mouth, and that he wanted them all to do

4  To see things and happenings clearly, both in themselves and in their relations to other things and happenings, is the aim of science. And no one who enjoys scientific work ―whether at the humble level of accurate description, or at the high level of discovering a formula― cares to hear much about the utility of science. No artist likes utilitarian valuations of his art, and the scientist understands him in this at least. -Sir J. A. THOMSON, Introduction to Science humble(低い)、accurate(正確な)、description(記述)、formula(公式)、cares to do(～することを好む)、utility(効用)、utilitarian(功利主義的な)、valuation(評価)。　事物や事件を，それ自体で、及び他の事物や事件との関連の中で、明瞭に見ることが科学の目的である。そして科学的な仕事――たとえそれが正確に記述するという低い水準の仕事であっても，あるいは公式を発見するという高い水