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5. Polymerase chain reaction
16. Transgenic organisms
17. Targeted gene inactivation
18. Inhibition of gene expression at the level of mRNA
19. cDNA libraries
20. Northern blotting
21. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting
22. The structure of cell nucleus
23. The organisation of chromatin
24. Unique and repetitive sequences
25. The chemical composition of chromatin
26. The phases of cell cycle
27. The regulation of cell cycle
28. Mitosis
29. Meiosis
30. General features of replication
31. The mechanism of replication in prokaryotes
32. Eukaryotic replication
33. DNA repair
34. The mechanism of prokaryotic transcription
35. General features of eukaryotic transcription
36. Synthesis and processing of eukaryotic pre-rRNA
37. Synthesis of pre-mRNA in eukaryotes. Cap-formation and polyadenylation
38. Pre-mRNA splicing39. Synthesis of aminoacyl-tRNA
40. The structure and function of ribosomes
41. The genetic code
42. Initiation of translation
43. Elongation and termination of translation
44. General features of translation
45. The lactose operon
46. The tryptophan operon
47. Cloning by nuclear transplantation
48. Regulation of pre-mRNA synthesis and processing in eukaryotes
49. Regulation of mRNA transport, translation and degradation in eukaryotes
50. Regulation of protein activity and degradation in eukaryotes
51. Eukaryotic transcription factors
52. The mechanism of action of steroid hormones
53. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
54. Golgi complex. Protein glycosylation
55. The mechanism of secretion
56. Endocytosis
57. The mechanism of vesicular transport
58. Lysosomes. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
59. Oxygen free radicals. Membrane damage. Lipid peroxidation
60. The structure and function of mitochondria
61. The genetic apparatus of mitochondria
62. Mitochondrial diseases